Glossary of the food sector

Placing on the market [ref. animal by-products or products derived from them, Ed.]

Any transaction involving the sale of animal by-products or products derived therefrom to third parties in the Community, or any other form of supply to such third parties, whether in return for payment or free of charge, or storage with a view to subsequent supply to such third parties.

— Source: Regulation (EC) 1069/2009, Art. 3(14)

Plant

Live plants and the following living parts of plants:

a) seeds, in the botanical sense, excluding those not intended for planting;

b) fruits, in the botanical sense;

c) vegetables;

d) tubers, bulbs-tubers, bulbs, rhizomes, roots, rootstocks, stolons;

e) aerial parts, stems, epigeal stolons;

f) cut flowers;

g) branches with or without leaves;

h) cut trees with leaves;

i) leaves, foliage;

j) plant tissue cultures, including cell cultures, germplasm, meristems, chimeric clones, micropropagated material;

k) live pollen and spores;

l) buds, eyes, cuttings, scions, grafts.

—Source: Regulation (EU) 2016/2031, Art. 2(1)

Plant biostimulant

Any product that stimulates plant nutritional processes, regardless of its nutrient content, with the sole purpose of improving one or more of the following characteristics of the plant or its rhizosphere:

a) nutrient use efficiency;

b) tolerance to abiotic stress;

c) qualitative characteristics;

d) availability of nutrients confined in the soil or rhizosphere.

—Source: Reg. (EU) 1107/2009, Art. 3(34)

Plant pests

Any species, strain, or biotype of pathogenic agents, animals, or parasitic plants harmful to plants or plant products ('pests') and measures to reduce such risks to an acceptable level.

— Source: Regulation (EU) 2016/2031, Art. 1(1)

Plant production

The production of agricultural plant products, including the collection of wild plants for commercial purposes.

— Source: Regulation (EU) 2018/848, Art. 3(22)

Plant products

Products of plant origin, unprocessed or having undergone only simple processing, such as grinding, drying, or pressing, provided they are not plants.

— Source: Regulation (EC) 2009/1107, Art. 3

Plant products [ref. Phytosanitary Regulation, Editor's note]

Unprocessed products of plant origin and processed products which, due to their nature or processing, may pose a risk of spreading quarantine pests. Unless otherwise provided in the implementing acts adopted pursuant to Articles 28, 30, and 41, wood shall be considered solely a plant product if it meets one or more of the following criteria:

a) it retains all or part of its natural round surface, with or without bark;

b) it has not retained its natural round surface because it has been sawn, cut, or split;

c) it is in the form of chips, particles, sawdust, wood shavings, wood waste, or scrap, and has not been processed using glue, heat, pressure, or a combination thereof to produce pellets, briquettes, plywood, or particleboard;

d) it is used or intended to be used as packaging material, regardless of whether it is actually used for the transport of goods.

— Source: Reg. (EU) 2016/2031, Art. 2(2)

Plant protection product

Products, in the form in which they are supplied to the user, containing or consisting of active substances, safeners, or synergists, intended for one of the following uses:

a) protecting plants or plant products from all harmful organisms or preventing their effects, unless such products are considered to be used primarily for hygiene reasons rather than for the protection of plants or plant products;

b) influencing the life processes of plants, for example, substances other than plant nutrients or biostimulants that influence their growth;

c) preserving plant products, unless the substance or product is covered by specific Community provisions on preservatives;

d) destroying unwanted plants or parts of plants, except algae, unless the products are used on soil or in water to protect plants;

(e) control or prevent unwanted growth of plants, except algae, unless the products are used on soil or water to protect plants.

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Also, substances, including microorganisms, that exert general or specific action against harmful organisms or on plants, parts of plants, or plant products; such substances are called "active substances."

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Finally:

a) substances or preparations, called "safeners," added to a plant protection product to eliminate or reduce the phytotoxic effects of the plant protection product on certain plants;

b) substances or preparations, called "synergists," which, while having no or only a small degree of the effects referred to in paragraph 1, can enhance the activity of the active substance or substances contained in a plant protection product;

(c) substances or preparations, called "co-formulants," which, although used or intended for use in a plant protection product or an adjuvant, are neither active substances nor safeners or synergists;

(d) substances or preparations, called "co-formulants," consisting of co-formulants or preparations containing one or more co-formulants, in the form in which they are supplied to the user and placed on the market, which the user mixes with a plant protection product, enhancing its efficacy or other plant protection properties.

— Source: Directive 91/414/EEC, Art. 2(1) (now Reg. 1107/2009)

Plant protection product authorization

Administrative act by which the competent authority of a Member State authorizes the placing on the market of a plant protection product in its territory.

— Source: Reg. (EU) 1107/2009, Art. 3(10)

Plant protection products

Products, in the form in which they are supplied to the user, containing or consisting of active substances, safeners, or synergists, intended for one of the following uses:

a) protecting plants or plant products from all harmful organisms or preventing their effects, unless such products are considered to be used primarily for hygiene reasons rather than for the protection of plants or plant products;

b) influencing the life processes of plants, for example, substances other than plant nutrients or biostimulants that influence their growth;

c) preserving plant products, unless the substance or product is covered by specific Community provisions on preservatives.

d) destroying unwanted plants or parts of plants, except algae, unless the products are used on soil or in water to protect plants;

(e) control or prevent unwanted growth of plants, except algae, unless the products are used on soil or water to protect plants.

— Source: Reg. (EC) 1107/2009, Art. 2(1)

Plant reproductive material

Plants and all parts of plants, including seeds, at any stage of growth, capable of producing complete plants and intended for that purpose.

— Source: Reg. (EU) 2018/848, Art. 3(17)

Plastic material

A polymer to which additives or other substances may have been added, capable of functioning as the main structural component of finished materials and objects.

— Source: Reg. (EU) 10/2011, Art. 3(2)

Plastic materials and objects

a) materials and objects referred to in Article 2, paragraph 1, letters a), b), and c) [of Regulation (EU) 10/2011, Editor's note]; and

b) plastic layers referred to in Article 2, paragraph 1, letters d) and e) [of Regulation (EU) 10/2011, Editor's note].

—Source: Regulation (EU) 10/2011, Art. 3(1)

Plastic reprocessing

The remelting, mixing, reacting, or any other processing of plastic materials resulting as a by-product of an intermediate or final manufacturing operation in the manufacture of plastic materials and articles, alone or in combination with materials from other manufacturing operations, by carrying out, where necessary, transfers and operations to enable the use of such by-products again.

— Source: Regulation (EU) 10/2011, Art. 3(20)

Polyculture

Aquaculture of two or more species, usually from different trophic levels, in the same culture unit.

— Source: Regulation (EU) 2018/848, Art. 3(39)